storage - How to upgrade the firmware of HP SAS expander card without Smart Array controller or Proliant Server?

How can I update/upgrade/flash the firmware of an HP SAS expander card [468406-B21 a.k.a. 487738-001]?

I used to do this using Windows and a HP P410 Smart Array controller, however that controller is no longer available.

The online ROM flash component is not an option because I don't own HP Smart Array controller. Neither is the HP Service Pack for ProLiant + USB key/stick an option because that requires a ProLiant server.

Answer

Upgrading the HP SAS expander is possible using Linux and a SAS HBA.
_{Note: Flashing firmware to a SAS expander will likely not work when the expander is connected to a SAS RAID controller because that controller might hide all devices behind it from the OS. An example of a SAS HBA is Supermicro SAS2LP-MV8.}

In case you haven't got Linux, you can use a Linux Live CD. You could try the most recent Ubuntu Live CD. A 32-bit download will do. 64-Bit will also work.

1. Prerequisites

1. Start a Linux terminal
   _{That is Ctrl+Alt+T using the Ubuntu LiveCD.}




2. Make sure your internet connection is working
   _{To download and install additional components}




3. Make sure your SAS expander card is detected in Linux
   _{# lsscsi -g | grep HP
   Should return something like:
   [6:0:0:0] enclosu HP HP SAS EXP Card 2.08 - /dev/sg1
   [6:0:1:0] enclosu HP HP SAS EXP Card 2.10 - /dev/sg2}

2. Setup utility

You use sg_write_buffer version ≥ 1.15 to download microcode when the expander is connected to a host bus adapter (HBA). To download and install this utility in 32-bit Ubuntu or Debian, use:

# curl -O http://sg.danny.cz/sg/p/libsgutils2-2_1.39-0.1_i386.deb && 

curl -O http://sg.danny.cz/sg/p/sg3-utils_1.39-0.1_i386.deb && 
dpkg -i *_1.39-0.1_i386.deb

^{The sg_write_buffer utility version ≥ 1.15 — distributed in sg3_utils version ≥ 1.39 — added a --bpw option to download in small chunks. An expander might require a small chunk size like 4096 bytes.}

3. Get and unpack HP firmware image

1. Get the expander firmware image file, for example version 2.10 (C) — dated 9 Sep 2014:
   # curl -O http://downloads.hpe.com/pub/softlib2/software1/sc-linux-fw-array/p6670438/v96061/CP022989.scexe
   ^{Although they sound like Windows/DOS executables, .scexe files from HP are really Linux executable scripts that you can view in a text editor (at least the first part).}





2. Running a 64-bit Linux and having issues with the next command? Then make sure you can run 32-bit executables. The commands in Ubuntu are:
   # dpkg --add-architecture i386 && apt-get update && apt-get install libstdc++6:i386




3. To extract the firmware image from this .scexe file:
   # mkdir tmp && chmod +x CP022989.scexe && ./CP022989.scexe --unpack=tmp && mv tmp/PUF21000.bin . && rm -r tmp/

4. Flash SAS expander

When the expander to be upgraded/flashed is named sg1 _{(check with lsscsi -g | grep HP)}, use:

# sg_write_buffer --mode=dmc_offs_defer --bpw=4096 --in=PUF21000.bin /dev/sg1
# sg_write_buffer --mode=activate_mc /dev/sg1

^{Older devices might only support --mode=0x7. Mode 0x7 is also known as dmc_offs_save, which does download microcode with offsets, save and activate.}

5. Remove temporary files

# rm PUF21000.bin

You might need to unload (for instance modprobe -r mvsas) and load (f.e. modprobe mvsas) your HBA module again or reboot to reflect the firmware version changes in lsscsi -g output.