hard drive - Strange file corruptions in ext4

Recently I came in contact with what appears to be disk corruption scenarios, and I would like to understand them better.

I have a build server which I work with daily. During one full build of a recent LLVM release which stopped with a strange error message, I got this excerpt for one generated file (X86GenDisassemblerTables.inc):

...

/* 0xa5 */
{ /* ModRMDecision */
 MODRM_ONEENTRY,
 0 /* EmptyTable */
},
/* 0xa6 */
{ /* ModRMDecision */
 MODÒM_ONEENTRY,                # Ò = 0xD2
 0 /* EmptyTable */             # R = 0x52
},

/* 0xa7 */
{ /* ModRMDecision */
 MODRM_ONEENTRY,
 0 /* EmptyTable */
},
...

This seems to be a single-bit file corruption. I removed the file, the build generated it again and completed successfully.

And today, in a different machine, this .d file was produced during a build:

output-gcc-8.2.0-x86_64-linux-gnu/obj/headers.hpp.gch: src/headers.hpp
pp      # What's this?

Everything else -- file size, permissions, even the terminating newline -- was in place. Removing the file also allowed the build to generate it again without problems.

Are these legitimate cases of disk corruption? Which tools can I use to diagnose this? These disks are, respectively, one and two-year old SSDs running ext4 file systems.

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