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mod rewrite - Redirect, Change URLs or Redirect HTTP to HTTPS in Apache - Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Mod_Rewrite Rules but Were Afraid to Ask


This is a Canonical Question about Apache's mod_rewrite.





Changing a request URL or redirecting users to a different URL than the one they originally requested is done using mod_rewrite. This includes such things as:




  • Changing HTTP to HTTPS (or the other way around)

  • Changing a request to a page which no longer exist to a new replacement.

  • Modifying a URL format (such as ?id=3433 to /id/3433 )

  • Presenting a different page based on the browser, based on the referrer, based on anything possible under the moon and sun.

  • Anything you want to mess around with URL




Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Mod_Rewrite Rules but Were Afraid to Ask!



How can I become an expert at writing mod_rewrite rules?




  • What is the fundamental format and structure of mod_rewrite rules?

  • What form/flavor of regular expressions do I need to have a solid grasp of?

  • What are the most common mistakes/pitfalls when writing rewrite rules?

  • What is a good method for testing and verifying mod_rewrite rules?

  • Are there SEO or performance implications of mod_rewrite rules I should be aware of?


  • Are there common situations where mod_rewrite might seem like the right tool for the job but isn't?

  • What are some common examples?



A place to test your rules



The htaccess tester web site is a great place to play around with your rules and test them. It even shows the debug output so you can see what matched and what did not.

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